Investopedia explains 'Estoppel'
There are many different types of estoppel. Two common forms are equitable estoppel, which can prevent a person from going back on his word, and collateral estoppel, which can prevent a person from going back to court on the same grievance. Collateral estoppel is used to prevent legal harassment and abuse of legal resources.
For example, if a mother states that a child is not hers, estoppel could prevent her from later trying to claim child support payments from the child's father.
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