Investopedia explains 'Privity'
The doctrine of privity has important implications for the rights of third parties to a contract. For example, consider a life insurance contract that is made between the insurance company and the insured. The arrangement is that the insured will pay premiums, and upon their death, the insurance company will make a payment to the third-party beneficiary. Under the doctrine of privity, the beneficiary would have no right to enforce the contract, since he or she was not a party to the contract. This conclusion is clearly inequitable, therefore, third-party insurance contracts are one of the exceptions to the doctrine of privity.
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