IRS Publication 544

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Updated November 30, 2020
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IRS Publication 544

Investopedia / Ellen Lindner

What Is IRS Publication 544?

IRS Publication 544 is document published by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that provides information on how taxpayers should treat income from the sale, exchange or disposal of property. IRS Publication 544 outlines how gains and losses on the property are calculated, whether they are considered ordinary or capital, and how to report them to the IRS. The document also indicates whether a gain is taxable or loss deductible.

Taxpayers typically must file Schedule D of Form 1040, Form 4797 Sales of Business Property or Form 8824 for like-kind exchanges. All forms are available on the IRS website.

Understanding IRS Publication 544

Individuals, businesses and estates that purchase real property from foreign persons may have to withhold income tax if the property acquired is in the United States. IRS Publication 519 has more information on how aliens are to treat U.S. tax law.

Investments, such as stocks, bonds and options, the sale of a primary (main) home, installment sales, and property transfers are not discussed in IRS Publication 544. Information about selling your home can be found in IRS Publication 523. Income from investments is discussed in IRS publication 550.

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  1. Internal Revenue Service. "Publication 544: Sales and Other Dispositions of Assets." Accessed Nov. 7, 2020.

  2. Internal Revenue Service. "Publication 519: U.S. Tax Guide for Aliens." Accessed Nov. 7, 2020.

  3. Internal Revenue Service. "Publication 523: Selling Your Home." Accessed Nov. 7, 2020.

  4. Internal Revenue Service. "Publication 550: Investment Income and Expenses." Accessed Nov. 7, 2020.

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