Revenue Regulation Fund (RRF)

What Is the Revenue Regulation Fund (RRF)?

The term Revenue Regulation Fund (RRF) refers to a sovereign wealth fund (SWF) established and operated by the government of Algeria. Founded in 2000, it is formally known as the Fond de Regulation des Recettes. It was Africa's largest sovereign wealth fund. The RRF is funded primarily by tax revenue collected from companies exploiting the nation's oil and gas reserves. There was no updated information available for the fund as of June 2022.

Understanding the Revenue Regulation Fund (RRF)

Sovereign wealth funds are state-owned investment vehicles. The origin of these funds may be commodity- or noncommodity-related. Funding is derived from a variety of sources including fiscal surpluses, tax revenue, resource exports, surpluses from the balance of payments, and transfer of payments from the government.

The purpose of individual funds may vary. These objectives may include saving for future generations, funding social and economic development, funding for a nation's private sector, political reasons, protecting an economy from volatility in commodity prices, as well as capital growth and preservation.

The Revenue Regulation Fund or the Fond de Regulation des Recettes was one of Africa's largest sovereign wealth funds. As mentioned above, it was established in 2000 in Algeria, Africa's largest nation in landmass, with the Sahara Desert making up four-fifths of its nation. The fund originates from surplus revenues earned from taxes on the development of Algeria's hydrocarbons—primarily its oil and gas reserves. The primary reason for its launch was to act as an economic stabilization factor to cushion the impact of volatility in oil and gas prices on the government of Algeria.

Like most SWFs, the RRF operates largely out of the public eye and its operations are wrapped in secrecy. It had about $57 billion in assets under management (AUM) as of 2012, according to a report from the European Investment Bank. That figure grew to $72.6 billion in 2019, as reported in Ressources, a French-language magazine that covers natural resources industries in Africa. But Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute, an organization that provides information on the world's SWFs and ranks them based on assets, reported that the RRF had no assets as of June 2022.

Revenue Regulation Fund (RRF) vs. Other Sovereign Wealth Funds

The Brown Capital Management Africa Forum noted that there was an increased interest in state-sponsored investment funds like the RRF over the past 20 years. They tend to be established in response to high commodity prices or large foreign exchange reserves. Although some investment funds are recent creations by developing nations, others are well established. Africa’s many sovereign wealth funds are relatively new and volatile.

RRF is among the many SWFs found in Africa. The Libyan Investment Authority, established by oil-rich Libya, has about $67 billion in assets. Much smaller funds are run by the governments of Botswana (the Pula Fund: $4.1 billion), Angola (Fundo Soberano de Angola: $3 billion), and Nigeria (Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority: $3 billion).

As of June 2022, the five largest SWFs in the world were:

• Norway Government Pension Fund Global: $1.34 trillion
• China Investment Corporation: $1.22 trillion
• Abu Dhabi Investment Authority: $708.8 billion
• Kuwait Investment Authority: $708.4 billion
• GIC Private Limited: $690 billion